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Fierce Cyclone Biparjoy Threatens India and Pakistan as Evacuations Increase

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New Delhi — More than 150,000 people in India and Pakistan have been evacuated as Cyclone Biparjoy approaches the region, with authorities warning of potential destruction to homes and crops. Biparjoy, which translates to “disaster” in Bengali, has been tracking across the Arabian Sea and is expected to make landfall in India’s Gujarat state on Thursday evening local time.

Tragically, at least seven people have already lost their lives in India due to heavy rains associated with the cyclone. Among the victims were two children crushed by a collapsing wall and a woman struck by a falling tree while riding a motorbike.

In Pakistan, preparations have been made for the storm’s impact on the coast of Sindh province. So far, 81,000 individuals have been evacuated from the southeastern coast, and 75 relief camps have been established at schools. While Karachi, the province’s largest city with a population of over 20 million, is not immediately threatened, emergency measures are being implemented.

Meteorologists have categorized Biparjoy as a “very severe cyclonic storm” with sustained winds reaching speeds of up to 135 km/h (84 mph) and gusts up to 150 km/h (93 mph). They have also issued warnings of high tides that could result in the inundation of low-lying coastal areas.

The cyclone is expected to make landfall between Mandvi in Gujarat, India, and Karachi, Pakistan, near the Jakhau port. Heavy rains and strong winds have already been reported in several coastal areas of Gujarat, and the port of Jakhau appeared deserted as the entire nearby village has been relocated.

Gujarat state officials have successfully evacuated 67,000 people from coastal regions, and train services in the area have been suspended. The ports of Kandla and Mundra, two major ports in India, have also ceased operations. Fishing activities have been halted along the Gujarat coast, and fishermen in Pakistan’s coastal regions have been cautioned against venturing into the water.

To aid in relief efforts, six national disaster relief teams have been deployed in key areas of concern in Gujarat’s Kutch region. Their primary focus will be on ensuring essential services remain unaffected or are swiftly restored in the aftermath of the cyclone.

The India Meteorological Department predicts that Biparjoy will weaken after crossing the coast. Cyclones are a regular occurrence in the Indian Ocean and can be devastating. Rising surface temperatures caused by climate change have increased the vulnerability of the surrounding regions to severe storms.

The evacuations carried out in preparation for Cyclone Biparjoy have evoked somber memories of a cyclone that struck the Gujarat coast 25 years ago, resulting in numerous fatalities and widespread destruction. While official figures estimated the death toll at around 4,000, local accounts suggest that the actual number may be much higher.

Abbas Yakub, a 40-year-old fisherman seeking shelter at a primary school in Mandvi, expressed concern about the approaching cyclone. Living near the coast, he and his family have already experienced the impact of rising waves, leaving them uncertain about what they will return to once the storm passes.

As the region braces for the arrival of Cyclone Biparjoy, the safety and well-being of those affected remain a top priority, with authorities working diligently to minimize the potential impact on vulnerable communities.

Nepal Begins Electricity Export to India as Hydroelectric Production Increases

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KATHMANDU, June 15 – Nepal has commenced exporting its surplus electricity to India following an increase in hydroelectric production due to rising water levels in rivers.

According to the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), the country has been exporting over 300 MW of electricity daily for the past five days. Suresh Bahadur Bhattarai, spokesperson for the NEA, stated that electricity is being sold at a rate of Rs 8.38 (IC 5.24) per unit.

Bhattarai attributed the increased rainfall in recent days as the primary reason behind Nepal’s ability to export electricity to India. He further mentioned that the electricity export is likely to continue until mid-November.

Simultaneously, domestic electricity consumption within Nepal has also surged. NEA records indicate a daily peak load of up to 1,900 MW, mainly driven by increased use of electrical appliances due to higher air temperatures. To manage the growing demand, the NEA has been importing 1,000 MWh of electricity daily from India.

Nepal’s installed capacity for electricity production has reached 2,700 MW, with full production achieved during the rainy season. Considering the excess supply of electricity compared to domestic demand, it is necessary for Nepal to export its surplus production.

Presently, India has permitted Nepal to sell only 452 MW of electricity in the Indian market. Due to this limitation imposed by the neighboring country, Nepal faced a loss of approximately 500 MW of electricity during last year’s peak season.

Nepal has been requesting India to purchase up to 1,200 MW of its electricity production, but India has not yet given approval for the increased export.

Last year, Nepal’s state-owned power utility began selling surplus monsoon electricity through competition in the day-ahead market of the Indian Energy Exchange Limited (IEX). The country earned revenue of Rs 11 billion from electricity exports to India during that period.

The successful initiation of electricity export to India marks a significant milestone for Nepal’s power sector and highlights the potential for further collaboration in the future.

Nepal-UK Relations Celebrated at a Special Program in London

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London – The Nepali Embassy in London, in collaboration with the London School of Economics and Political Science, organized a special program at Nepal Embassy premises , to celebrate the completion of one hundred years since the signing of the Nepal-United Kingdom Treaty of Friendship in 1923.

The event, held at the Nepali Embassy in London, was attended by distinguished guests and participants from various fields. Ambassador Gyan Chandra Acharya commenced the program by emphasizing the significance of the Friendship Treaty signed in 1923. He highlighted the notable progress achieved in Nepal-UK bilateral relations, including the establishment of diplomatic mission and the exchange of ambassadors between the two countries. Ambassador Acharya expressed his commitment to further strengthen the bilateral relationship in various areas during this transformative era.

Dr. Ainoor Bhimani, Director of the LSE South Asia Center at the London School of Economics, shared insights into the Center’s activities and expressed the potential for collaborations with Nepal. This exchange of ideas between academic institutions from both countries holds great promise for future cooperation and knowledge sharing, he said.

Professor Surya Prasad Subedi, professor of International Law, at the University of Leeds, shed light on the enduring importance of the 1923 treaty between Nepal and the UK. He emphasized on the consistent support provided by the UK to Nepal’s nation-building efforts at the national and international levels, even during various treaty negotiations over the years. The registration of the treaty with the League of Nations played a crucial role in expanding Nepal’s relations with other countries, he said.

Dr. Katy Owen from the University of Northumbria focused on disaster management and preparedness initiatives between Nepal and the UK. She highlighted the support and research conducted by the UK during times of natural disasters underscoring the strong collaboration in this critical area.

Professor David Gallager from the University of Oxford shared his perspective on the social and political transformations that Nepal has undergone, spanning from the past to the present. He commended the progress achieved and the resilience of the Nepali people in navigating through various challenges.

The program witnessed active participation and fruitful interactions among eminent personalities from academic fields, representatives of various Nepali community organisations, and Nepali students studying in various universities across the UK. The gathering provided a platform for fostering stronger bonds and exploring opportunities for future collaboration between Nepal and the United Kingdom.

The event served as a testament to the enduring friendship between Nepal and the United Kingdom, while also celebrating the achievements and milestones of their bilateral relationship over the past century, a statement by the embassy said.

Nepal and the UK Discuss Ex-Gurkha Demands in the Technical Level Meeting

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Jagan Karki, London — In a significant development, a technical-level meeting was held on Thursday at the Ministry of Defense, focusing on addressing the demands put forth by the Ex-Gurkhas. The meeting witnessed the participation of officials from the Nepali Embassy in London, the United Kingdom Ministry of Defense, and representatives of the former Gurkhas.

The primary agenda of the meeting revolved around discussing pressing concerns of ex-Gurkhas, specifically related to pension and welfare issues. Deliberations were held in detail, with both sides expressing their viewpoints and seeking a collaborative solution.

During the meeting, Mrs Roshan Khanal, Deputy Chief of Mission at the Nepali embassy, represented the Government of Nepal. Brigadier General Ratna Bahadur Godar, military attaché at the Nepali embassy, Major (Retd.) Jud Bahadur Gurung, Gurkha veterans Dharma Bahadur Tamang, and Gyanraj Rai, acting as representatives of the former Gurkhas, participated in the discussions. On behalf of the British government, the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Home Affairs, along with their respective officials, were also present.

It was mutually agreed upon that the Ministry of Defense, in conjunction with other relevant ministries, would conduct internal discussions to address the issues raised by ex- Gurkhas. A subsequent meeting is scheduled to be held in the future, where further progress will be made and potential solutions will be explored.

The technical-level meeting serves as an important step in fostering dialogue and understanding between Nepal and the United Kingdom regarding the demands of ex-Gurkhas. The government officials and representatives involved expressed their commitment to finding a suitable resolution that takes into account the well-being and interests of the former Gurkhas.

As discussions continue, it is hoped that a comprehensive plan will emerge, encompassing the necessary measures to ensure the fulfillment of pension and welfare demands for ex-Gurkhas. Both Nepal and the United Kingdom remain dedicated to resolving these matters in a fair and timely manner, thus strengthening the longstanding relationship between the two nations.

This development highlights the ongoing efforts of the governments involved to address the concerns of the ex-Gurkhas, acknowledging their significant contributions and sacrifices in service to the British Army over the years.

Breakthrough Season for British South Asian Football Players

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The 2022/23 football season has been a remarkable one for British South Asians in the sport, with players from the community making their mark across various levels and divisions.

In the women’s football pyramid, British South Asians showcased their talent throughout the season. Safia Middleton-Patel, an 18-year-old Manchester United player, had a dream campaign. She signed her first professional contract as a footballer and made her senior international debut for Wales, keeping a clean sheet. Middleton-Patel also had loan spells at Coventry United and Blackburn Rovers, playing in the FA Women’s Championship, Sky sports reported.

Defender Asmita Ale, 22, had a solid season with 17 appearances for Spurs in the Women’s Super League. She also represented England U23s and achieved clean sheets against Italy and Belgium. Easah Suliman, former England youth captain, featured in 16 games for UD Vilafranquense on loan from Vitoria Guimaraes in Portugal. He received his first call-up to the Pakistan national team and will compete in the South Asian Football Federation Championship.

Danny Batth, a key player for Sunderland, made 40 league appearances and captained the team in their run to the Championship play-offs. He was awarded the Supporters’ Player of the Year. Mal Benning played a significant role for Port Vale, featuring in 39 league matches and scoring a goal against Ipswich Town. Otis Khan helped Grimsby to a top-half finish in League Two, with 31 league appearances and two goals in the FA Cup quarter-finals. Hamza Choudhury, the British-Bangladeshi midfielder, had a successful loan spell at Watford, making 36 league appearances. His contract with Leicester City was extended for another year.

Millie Chandarana, who earned her first professional contract at Blackburn Rovers, appeared in 20 of the club’s 22 FA Women’s Championship games. Yan Dhanda had a successful debut season in Scotland with Ross County, scoring six goals and providing 10 assists to help his team retain their cinch Premiership status. Mariam Mahmood emerged as the top goalscorer for West Bromwich Albion, scoring in seven consecutive games. Kira Rai had a standout season for Derby County, contributing five league goals and multiple assists.

Rohan Luthra, the Cardiff goalkeeper, made history by becoming the first goalkeeper from Britain’s South Asian community to play in the Sky Bet Championship. Sai Sachdev made his senior debut for Sheffield United, and Aaron Drewe featured in seven league games for QPR. Layla Banaras became the first South Asian heritage player to play for Birmingham City Women.

Young talents such as Ronan Maher, Arjan Raikhy, and Zidane Iqbal also impressed during the season. Aqsa Mushtaq returned to England to play for Lewes in the FA Women’s Championship, and Simran Jhamat had 24 appearances for Coventry United.

Dilan Markanday played in the Championship for Blackburn Rovers, scoring twice in the Carabao Cup before a loan spell at Aberdeen. Dillon De Silva impressed in 21 matches for Torquay United on loan from QPR, while Kiban Rai made four senior appearances for Newport County.

Nadia Khan of Doncaster Rovers Belles made history as the first Pakistani woman to score four goals in an international match. Zahmena Malik assisted the winning goal on her international debut and later scored Pakistan’s first goal in women’s Olympic qualifying history.

Adil Nabi is currently playing for Athens Kallithea in Greece, with 13 appearances so far this season.

The breakthrough season for British South Asian football players demonstrates their growing influence .

EU Lawmakers Vote on AI Regulation as Negotiations Begin with Member States

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STRASBOURG, France – The European Union (EU) took a significant step toward regulating artificial intelligence (AI) systems with the adoption of a key text by EU lawmakers on Wednesday. The text will serve as the basis for a future law governing AI technologies, including systems like ChatGPT. The EU aims to strike a balance between fostering innovation and addressing potential risks associated with AI. Negotiations between the European Parliament and the EU’s 27 member countries will commence later today to finalize the legislation.

If the ambitious goal of reaching an agreement by the end of this year is achieved, the EU would become the world’s first governing body to establish comprehensive regulations for AI. While the EU has been working on AI regulation plans since 2021, the emergence of ChatGPT last year, with its remarkable advancements and potential risks, has given these draft rules greater urgency.

The call for AI regulation is growing on both sides of the Atlantic, as Western governments face mounting pressure to take action swiftly to protect humanity. Proponents of AI emphasize its transformative potential in various areas such as work, healthcare, and creative pursuits. However, concerns regarding AI’s impact on democracy have raised apprehension among others.

Numerous awe-inspiring applications of AI have recently come to light, including the creation of a “final Beatles record” and OpenAI’s ChatGPT passing exams in business, law, and medicine. Even if the EU manages to achieve its ambitious legislative target, the law would not come into effect until at least 2026, prompting the EU to seek a voluntary interim agreement with technology companies.

The proposed law aims to regulate AI based on the level of risk involved. Higher-risk AI systems, such as those used in critical infrastructure, education, human resources, public order, and migration management, would have greater obligations under the law. The European Parliament has introduced additional criteria that must be met before classifying an AI system as high-risk, including its potential to harm people’s health, safety, rights, or the environment. Specific requirements are also proposed for generative AI systems, like ChatGPT and DALL-E, which are capable of producing text, images, code, audio, and other media. Users must be informed that the content they encounter is generated by a machine rather than a human.

Lawmakers have also suggested bans on AI systems employing biometric surveillance, emotion recognition, and predictive policing. Brando Benifei, a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) spearheading the law, revealed discussions about the possibility of expediting the law’s implementation or introducing earlier regulations for generative AI. “We could also consider some reduced timing for some of the AI, for example foundation models and generative AI,” Benifei explained.

Benifei referred to plans by Brussels and the United States to establish a common code of conduct on AI, aiming to develop shared standards among democratic nations. Supporters of the draft law view it as a “historic” step and push back against critics who argue that the EU’s plans could stifle innovation rather than encourage it.

Thierry Breton, EU Internal Market Commissioner, expressed his approval of the vote and stressed the need for immediate action. Recognizing the myriad questions surrounding AI in social, ethical, and economic spheres, Breton stated, “But now is not the time to hit any ‘pause button.’ On the contrary, it is about acting fast and taking responsibility.”

As negotiations proceed, the EU is poised to shape the world’s first comprehensive legislation on AI, setting a precedent for global AI governance and addressing the opportunities and challenges presented by this rapidly advancing technology.

Tens of Thousands Evacuated as Severe Cyclone Biparjoy Approaches India and Pakistan

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New Delhi — Tens of thousands of people have been evacuated from coastal areas in India and Pakistan as they prepare for the arrival of Cyclone Biparjoy, a powerful storm gathering strength over the Arabian Sea. The cyclone is expected to make landfall in the western Indian state of Gujarat and the coast of Sindh province in Pakistan on Thursday evening.

In India, the Gujarat government reported evacuating nearly 38,000 residents from coastal districts in anticipation of the cyclone. The country’s weather office has issued warnings of potential blackouts and floods in the affected areas. Trains in the region have been suspended, and the ports of Kandla and Mundra, two of India’s largest ports, have ceased operations.

Authorities have urged people to avoid visiting beaches, and fishermen have been advised to stay away from the sea. Despite these precautions, three fatalities were reported in Gujarat’s coastal areas due to heavy rains and strong winds, which caused trees to uproot and a wall to collapse. Additionally, several parts of Maharashtra state experienced heavy rains and high tidal waves.

In Pakistan, the national disaster management authority announced plans to evacuate around 100,000 individuals from vulnerable areas, relocating them to temporary shelters and relief camps. The country’s weather office has issued forecasts of heavy rains and squally winds for districts including Karachi, Hyderabad, Tando Allayar, Shaheed Benazirabad, and Sanghar.

This cyclone poses a significant threat to Pakistan, as the country is still recovering from the devastating floods of 2022, which submerged large parts of the nation and claimed the lives of nearly 1,700 people.

The situation remains critical in both countries as they brace for the impact of Cyclone Biparjoy. Authorities are taking proactive measures to minimize the loss of life and property by evacuating residents from vulnerable areas and providing necessary support. Continuous monitoring of the cyclone’s movement and updates from the respective meteorological departments will be crucial in ensuring the safety of the affected regions.

Nepal Abandons Plan to Relocate Everest Base Camp Amid Strong Opposition

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Kathmandu— The Nepalese government has decided to scrap its proposal to move the Everest base camp to a lower site following significant opposition from the mountaineering and Sherpa community, as reported by the BBC. Earlier concerns had been raised about the safety of the south base camp due to human activity and the impact of climate change on the rapidly thinning Khumbu glacier.

The current Everest base camp is situated at an altitude of 5,364 meters, and the authorities had intended to relocate it 200 to 400 meters lower down the world’s highest mountain. However, the Sherpa leaders expressed their dissatisfaction, labeling the plan both impractical and lacking a viable alternative. Mingma Sherpa, chair of Khumbu Pasanglhamu, stated, “I have come across not even a single person in our community who supports the idea of moving the Everest base camp.”

He further questioned the need for relocation, stating, “It has been there for the past 70 years, why should they move it now? And even if they wanted to, where is the study on a viable alternative?”

A recent consultation meeting between authorities and the mountaineering industry revealed that over 95% of attendees rejected the idea of shifting the Everest base camp, according to officials from Nepal’s Tourism Ministry and Nepal Mountaineering Association.

The urgency behind the proposed relocation stemmed from the increasing risk at the current base camp due to the rapid melting of the Khumbu glacier caused by climate change. Studies have shown the expansion of lakes and ponds on the glacier, which further complicates logistical challenges for mountaineers. Professor Bryn Hubbard of Aberystwyth University explained that as the ice melts, the rocky debris surface becomes more variable, leading to the formation of surface ponds that gradually merge to create larger lakes.

Experts suggest that the current base camp may face a higher probability of avalanches, storms, icefalls, and rockfalls in the future, making the idea of relocating the base camp a more practical choice.

Despite differing opinions on relocation, there is a consensus on the issue of overcrowding at the base camp. This season, the Nepalese authorities issued a record number of 478 Everest climbing permits, indicating that over 1,500 individuals, including support staff, would utilize the base camp. Dambar Parajuli, president of the Expedition Operators’ Association Nepal, highlighted that the size of the base camp has doubled in recent years. He also expressed concerns about the lack of strict guidelines regarding permissible activities at the base camp, as luxury services like massage parlors began occupying the area unnecessarily.

With the government’s decision to abandon the relocation plans, attention will now turn to addressing the overcrowding issue and implementing measures to ensure the safety and sustainability of the existing Everest base camp.

Frog Weddings Conducted in Nepali Villages in Hopes of Rain Amid Drought Concerns

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Kathmandu — In a unique cultural tradition in Nepal, villagers in drought-affected areas have resorted to arranging frog weddings in the hopes of bringing much-needed rainfall. Local Nepali media reported on this practice, highlighting the belief in many Nepali villages that frog marriages can please Lord Indra, the god of rains in Hindu mythology.

According to Nepali media, the ceremonies are conducted to impress “Barun Devta,” another deity associated with rain. During extreme temperatures and periods of drought with scarce rainfall, villagers organize lavish wedding ceremonies in Bharatpur for two frogs, emulating a traditional Hindu wedding. The female frog is adorned with vermillion, symbolizing a lifelong commitment to her partner.

The ceremonies attract hundreds of villagers who gather to witness the event, while Vedic hymns are recited. Prior to the wedding, the bride and groom frogs are kept separate and dressed up for the occasion. Once the union is solemnized, the female frog is transported to the male frog’s “house” in a decorated hand cart, signifying their marriage.

The significance of such ceremonies lies in the heavy dependence of Nepal’s population on agriculture, which contributes one-third of the nation’s GDP. However, less than 52% of the cultivable land in Nepal is irrigated, leaving the remaining land solely reliant on rainfall. Farmers eagerly await the monsoon season to water their crops, including staples like paddy and wheat.

This year, concerns over reduced rainfall have raised alarm bells among Nepali farmers. South Asian meteorologists have predicted below-normal monsoon rains or even drought-like conditions across most of Nepal after three years of relatively normal rainfall. Such a situation is worrisome for a rain-fed economy like Nepal, which is already grappling with a recession.

While experts emphasize the scientific need for adequate rainfall, the tradition of frog weddings reflects the cultural and spiritual significance placed on the monsoon season in rural Nepali communities. These ceremonies not only serve as a means to invoke rain but also demonstrate the local communities’ deep connection with nature and their reliance on natural elements for their livelihoods.

As the drought concerns persist and farmers anxiously await rainfall, the frog weddings continue to be a symbolic act of hope and faith in the face of uncertain climatic conditions.

London-based Professor Urges Nepali Political Leaders to Avoid Ad Hoc Statements on Border Disputes

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London-based Professor Surya Prasad Subedi has called on Nepali political leaders to refrain from making impromptu statements on sensitive border issues, particularly in relation to Nepal’s ongoing border dispute with India in Kalapani, Lipu Lekh, and Limpiyadhura. In a press statement, Prof Subedi, an expert in international legal matters concerning Nepal-India relations, emphasized the need to abandon the practice of making ad hoc remarks for immediate political gain. Instead, he urged leaders to consult institutional reports and deeply study international law and practices to develop long-term diplomatic policies based on comprehensive research and analysis.

Prof Subedi, who teaches international law at the University of Leeds in the UK, issued his statement following Prime Minister Dahal’s recent visit to India, during which he suggested that a land swap could be a potential solution to the border dispute, indicating the possibility of exchanging the disputed territory to establish a land link to Bangladesh via India. These remarks by the Prime Minister have faced strong criticism within Nepal, with the main opposition party, CPN-UML, deeming them “unwarranted.”

Highlighting Nepal’s rights as a landlocked country, Prof Subedi stressed the importance of unhindered access to any port of Bangladesh through India, as guaranteed by international law. He noted that Nepal possesses its own foreign affairs mechanism, including reports from the Eminent Persons Group (EPG) and the border expert group formed by the Nepalese government. Thus, he cautioned against making statements without considering these institutional reports or conducting thorough research.

The professor drew attention to past instances where Nepal faced setbacks due to the tendency to engage in ad hoc discussions, exploit national issues for political gain, and neglect proper preparations. He cited examples such as India and Bangladesh resolving their land boundary dispute through international arbitration, and Bangladesh and Myanmar seeking the intervention of the International Court of Justice in maritime or water boundary disputes. Additionally, India and Pakistan have also approached international courts regarding their border disputes.

Expressing concerns about Nepal potentially losing its position of strength during negotiations, Prof Subedi warned against disregarding institutional memory, reports, and documents that have historically played a crucial role in guiding successful bilateral agreements. He stressed that Nepal’s right to unrestricted access to any port of Bangladesh through India should not come at an exorbitant cost.

As Nepal continues to grapple with its border dispute with India, Prof Subedi’s statement serves as a reminder to political leaders of the importance of a well-informed and measured approach in dealing with sensitive border issues. It underscores the necessity of basing decisions on comprehensive research, institutional reports, and international law to ensure long-term diplomatic solutions that benefit Nepal’s interests.

Embassy of Nepal marks 70th year of ascent of Mt Everest

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London-  The Embassy of Nepal, London, organised an event on Monday to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the first ascent of Mount Everest-Sagarmatha on Monday. While addressing the gathering, HRH  the Duke of Gloucester reminisced about the news of the first ascent of Mount Everest in his childhood, which coincided with the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Historical Nepal-UK relations is not only based on the Gurkha soldiers but also the quest of the British people for reaching the top of the world and the connection with the Sherpas, he said. 

Ambassador of Nepal to the UK, Gyan Chandra Acharya, reflected on the first successful ascent, its background, significance of mountains and the Himalayan region to the world, livelihood of the people living in the Himalayan region and the impacts of climate change on the Himalaya. Ms. Maya Shivagnanam, Deputy Director, FCDO, reading out the message from the Rt. Hon. Anne-Marie Trevelyan, Minister of State, recalled the legacy of 1953 expedition led by Col. John Hunt and summitted by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, her visit to Nepal recently and highlighted the multifaceted relationship between Nepal and the UK. She also stressed on working together to mitigate the impacts of climate change in the Himalayan region. 

Families of Tenzing Norgay, Sir Edmund Hillary and Expedition leader Lord Hunt present in the programme were recognized on the occasion.  Jamling Tenzing Norgay, son of Tenzing Norgay, Peter Hillary, son of Sir Edmund Hillary and Ms. Sue Leyden, daughter of Lord Hunt shared the recollections about their fathers and their activities in helping local community in the Himalayan region. Hari Budha Magar, the world’s first double above-knee amputee to summit Mount Everest, Kenton Cool, first British to summit Everest for a record number of 17 times, Ms. Rebecca Stephens,  first British woman mountaineer and Sir Chris Bonington, British Mountaineer/writer were honoured by HRH the Duke of Gloucester and Ambassador Acharya on the occasion. Budha Magar, Cool and Ms. Stephens shared their fascinating stories of summitting Everest in the programme. 

The programme was attended by families of Tenzing Norgay, Sir Edmund Hillary and Lord Hunt, high dignitaries of the UK government, parliamentarians, environment experts, London based Ambassadors and High Commissioners, tourism business entrepreneurs, journalists and members of the Nepali diaspora.  

ADB approves 400 mln USD loan for Bangladesh’s economic recovery

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DHAKA, June 13 (Xinhua) — The Asian Development Bank (ADB) Tuesday approved a 400 million U.S. dollars loan to support Bangladesh’s economic recovery.

This loan is ADB’s second subprogram of the Sustainable Economic Recovery Program launched in October 2021 to support economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic, the Manila-based lender said in a statement.

“This subprogram enables Bangladesh to enhance revenues, promote efficiency and transparency in public spending and public procurement, deepen the reforms of state-owned enterprises, and help small businesses and microentrepreneurs to access low-interest affordable credits from the banking sector,” said Aminur Rahman, ADB Principal Public Management Economist for South Asia.

“The subprogram, with a strong focus on gender, climate change, and digitization, enables the government to strengthen its efforts to support income generation for the poor and vulnerable.”

The program will enhance income tax collection through the adoption of the new Income Tax Act, reduce tax loopholes, strengthen compliance and enforcement measures, and broaden the country’s tax net, said the bank.

The new package supports the launch by the Bangladesh Bank of innovative financing services through commercial banks to provide low-cost microcredit using digital channels and e-wallets, said the bank.(Xinhua)

How cashless societies can boost financial inclusion – with the right safeguards

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Thankom Arun, University of Essex

Cashless societies, where transactions are entirely digital, are gaining traction in many parts of the world, particularly after a pandemic-era boom in demand for online banking.

Improvements in digital payment infrastructure such as mobile payments, digital currencies and online banking, make it more convenient for people and businesses to buy and sell things without using cash. Even the Bank of England is looking into how a digital pound might work, showing the potential for a significant shift from physical cash to digital payments in the UK.

Fintech companies have accelerated the transition towards cashless payments with innovations including mobile payment apps, digital wallets, cryptocurrencies and online banking services. The COVID pandemic was also a tipping point that created unprecedented appetite for digital transactions. Fintechs emerged as a life line for many during lockdowns, particularly vulnerable populations that needed emergency lines of credit and ways to make and receive payments.

By 2021, approximately 71% of adults in developing countries had bank accounts. But this leaves nearly 30% of the population still needing access to essential financial products and services. Fintechs can provide more affordable and accessible financial services and products. This helps boost financial inclusion, particularly for the “unbanked”, or those without a bank account.

In the UK, around 1.3 million people, roughly 4% of the population, lack access to banking services. The government and financial institutions have worked together to promote the adoption of digital payments, and the UK’s Request to Pay service allows people and businesses to request and make payments using digital channels such as Apple Pay and Google Pay.

But other countries are moving faster towards a cashless society. In Sweden, only about 10% of all payments were made in cash in 2020. This move towards cashless payments in the country has been facilitated by mobile payment solutions like Swish, which people can use to send and receive money via mobile phone.

Boosting financial inclusion

India has gone even further. In less than a decade, the country has become a digital finance leader. It has also made significant progress in promoting digital financial inclusion, mainly through the government’s flagship programme, the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY).

India’s banks also participate in mobile payment solutions like Unified Payments Interface (UPI), which can connect multiple accounts via one app. India’s digital infrastructure, known as the India Stack also aims to expand financial inclusion by encouraging companies to develop fintech solutions.

Many developing economies are using digitalisation to boost financial inclusion in this way. Kenya introduced its M-Pesa mobile money service in 2007. While microfinance institutions that provide small loans to low-income individuals and small businesses were first introduced in Bangladesh in the 1970s via the Grameen Bank project.

Digital lending has also grown in India in recent years. Its fintechs use algorithms and data analytics to assess creditworthiness and provide loans quickly and at a lower cost than traditional banks.

These innovative platforms have helped to bridge the gap between the formal financial system and underserved populations – those with low or no income – providing fast access to financial services. By removing barriers such as high transaction costs, lack of physical branches and some credit history requirements, fintech companies can reach a wider range of customers and provide financial services that are tailored to their needs.

It’s the tech behind these systems that helps fintechs connect with their customers. The increased use of digital payment methods generates a wealth of data to gain insights into consumer behaviour, spending patterns and other relevant information that can be used to further support a cashless society.

Helping the UK’s unbanked

Countries like the UK could also promote digital financial inclusion to help unbanked people. But this would require a combination of government support, innovation and the widespread adoption of mobile payment solutions.

There are some significant challenges to overcome to create a true – and truly fair – cashless economy. For example, a cashless system could exclude people who do not have access to digital payment methods, such as the elderly or low-income populations. According to a recent study by Age UK, 75% of over 65s with a bank account said they wanted to conduct at least one banking task in person at a bank branch, building society or post office.

Providing more cashless options could also increase the risk of cybercrime, digital fraud such as phishing scams and data breaches – particularly among people that aren’t as financially literate.

There is a dark side to fintech: algorithm biases and predatory lending practices negatively affect vulnerable and minority groups as well as women. Even major financial firms such as Equifax, Visa and Mastercard can get compromised by data breaches, creating valid concerns about data security for many people.

Cross-border transfer of personal data by fintech companies also concerns regulators, but there is still a lack of internationally recognised data protection standards. This should be addressed as the trend towards cashless societies continues.

Two hands hold a fan of GBP banknotes: £5, £10, £20, £50.

Regulations affect how fintech companies can provide financial services but ensure they operate within the law. Since fintech companies generally aim to disrupt markets, however, this can create a complex relationship with regulators.

Collaboration between regulators and fintech companies will boost understanding of these innovative business models and help shape future regulatory frameworks. Countries like India have shown the way in this respect. An innovation hub run by UK regulator the Financial Conduct Authority is a good start. It supports product and service launches and offers access to synthetic data sets for testing and development.

Fintech can help finance become more inclusive. But it needs policies and regulations that support innovation, promote competition, ensure financial stability and – most importantly – to help protect the citizens of these new cashless societies.

(From – The Conversation )

Scientists Uncover How Brain Strengthens Memories During Sleep, Offering Hope for Memory Impairment

Posted on by SAT News Desk

Researchers from Tel Aviv and California have made a significant breakthrough in understanding how the human brain strengthens memories during sleep. The findings hold promise for individuals suffering from memory impairments, including dementia.

Led by Dr. Maya Geva-Sagiv, currently at the University of California, Davis, in collaboration with Professors Yuval Nir of Tel Aviv University and Itzkak Fried of TAU and UCLA, the study reveals that memory consolidation during sleep involves coordination between the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Furthermore, the researchers were able to enhance memory consolidation by utilizing deep-brain stimulation techniques during sleep.

The research, published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Neuroscience, sheds light on the mechanisms behind memory consolidation during sleep and provides potential avenues for therapeutic interventions.

To test their hypothesis, the team implanted electrodes in the brains of 18 epilepsy patients, enabling advanced brain stimulation techniques to be employed. By using a specialized stimulation protocol, they improved synchronization between the hippocampus and frontal cortex, enhancing memory consolidation.

The hippocampus is responsible for acquiring new memories, while the frontal cortex is where long-term memories are stored. By monitoring hippocampal activity during sleep, the researchers were able to deliver precise electrical stimulation to the frontal cortex, thereby boosting memory consolidation.

The participants underwent two memory tests, one after a normal undisturbed night’s sleep and another after receiving deep-brain stimulation during sleep. In the morning, they were asked to recognize pictures of famous individuals they had been shown the previous evening. The results demonstrated that deep-brain stimulation significantly enhanced the accuracy of their memory.

Interestingly, the researchers found that the intervention did not significantly increase the number of correct answers from the participants. Instead, it reduced the number of incorrect responses, suggesting that sleep helps sharpen memory accuracy by eliminating distractions from the relevant memory trace.

Dr. Geva-Sagiv highlighted the significance of the study, stating, “We know that a good night’s sleep is crucial for the consolidation of long-lasting memories, but until now, we had limited evidence about the specific processes at work in the human brain during sleep.” She further explained, “Our objective was to enhance the natural mechanisms involved and gain a deeper understanding of how sleep aids in stabilizing memories.”

These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate workings of memory consolidation during sleep and offer hope for developing new interventions to address memory impairments, including those associated with dementia. The research opens up possibilities for future studies and potential therapies aimed at improving memory function in individuals with cognitive disorders.

Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan Express Displeasure over ‘Undivided India’ Mural in Recently Inaugurated Building

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In a development that has stirred controversy in the South Asian region, the installation of a map depicting ‘Undivided India’ in India’s newly inaugurated parliament building has drawn criticism from neighboring countries, including Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan.

The map, which was unveiled by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi last month, includes territories that were historically part of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. Bangladesh’s foreign ministry, on Monday, formally requested an explanation from the Indian government regarding the inclusion of the Akhand Bharat, or Undivided India, map in the new parliament building.

Bangladesh’s junior minister for foreign affairs, Shahriar Alam, stated in Dhaka that the Bangladeshi embassy in New Delhi had been instructed to contact India’s foreign ministry to obtain an official explanation on the matter. Alam emphasized that while there was no reason to question the installation of the map, concerns were being expressed by various parties, warranting clarification from the Indian government.

India’s foreign ministry spokesperson, Arindam Bagchi, during a media briefing, offered an interpretation of the mural. Bagchi explained that the map represented the extent of the ancient Mauryan Empire and symbolized the idea of responsible and people-oriented governance espoused by King Ashoka. However, India’s Minister for Parliamentary Affairs, Pralhad Joshi, had referred to the mural as a map of Akhand Bharat during the inauguration ceremony, stirring dissatisfaction among neighboring nations.

Nepal’s former Prime Minister, KP Sharma Oli, criticized India’s inclusion of Nepali territories in the mural, stating that it was unfair for a country like India to depict Nepali lands in its parliament without consent. Oli called on Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal, who recently visited India, to request the removal of the mural and rectify the perceived mistake. However, reports suggest that the issue was not raised during Dahal’s meetings with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other officials.

Pakistan also expressed deep concerns about the idea of Akhand Bharat, describing it as an expansionist mindset that aimed to suppress the culture and ideology of neighboring countries as well as religious minorities within India. Pakistani foreign ministry spokesperson, Mumtaz Zahra Baloch, labeled the assertion in the map as a manifestation of this mindset.

So far, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, and Myanmar have not issued any official statements regarding the ‘Undivided India’ mural.

The controversy surrounding the mural highlights the sensitivities and differing historical interpretations among the countries in the region. The reactions from Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan underscore the need for dialogue and mutual understanding to address such issues and foster harmonious relations in South Asia.

Tragedy on Mount Everest: Inexperienced Climbers and Insufficient Operators Blamed

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Kathmandu witnessed a veteran mountain guide raising concerns about the growing number of weak climbers being led up Mount Everest by expedition operators lacking sufficient experience. This issue comes in the aftermath of one of the deadliest climbing seasons on the world’s highest mountain in recent years.

During this year’s main climbing season, which has just concluded, Mount Everest claimed the lives of at least 12 climbers, while five individuals remain missing and are feared dead. This season’s death toll marks the highest since a devastating earthquake triggered an avalanche in 2015, resulting in the loss of 18 lives.

Guy Cotter, a renowned guide from New Zealand who has successfully climbed Everest five times, spoke out about the problem in Kathmandu, Nepal’s capital. Cotter highlighted that weak clients paired with less experienced operators contribute to the perilous situation on the mountain. He emphasized the importance of establishing minimum climbing standards and requiring proven prior ascents before allowing climbers to attempt Everest.

The fatalities during this climbing season primarily resulted from illness or exhaustion, with three sherpa climbers tragically losing their lives due to falling ice in April. While Nepal regulates Everest climbing and mandates permits for all climbers, Cotter stressed the need for operators to meet minimum standards regarding equipment and staff expertise.

Cotter further criticized certain operators for their lack of understanding in preventing incidents and their inability to address problems effectively when they do occur. He called for improved processes and protocols within the industry to ensure the safety of climbers.

Bigyan Koirala, an official from Nepal’s Department of Tourism responsible for overseeing climbing activities, acknowledged the need for additional regulations. However, no specific details regarding these regulations were provided.

Despite the challenges and risks associated with climbing Everest, the allure of the mountain remains strong. This year, a record number of 478 permits were issued by Nepal for climbers attempting the summit, with hundreds of individuals successfully reaching the pinnacle of Mount Everest.