The escalation came after a February 14 suicide bombing claimed by JeM that killed 40 troops in Indian Kashmir, setting off a chain of threats and counter-warnings between the nuclear-armed neighbours.

“A very large number of Jaish-e-Mohammad terrorists, trainers, senior commanders and groups of jihadis who were being trained for fidayeen (suicide) action were eliminated,” Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhale said.

“Credible intelligence was received that JeM was attempting another suicide terror attack in various parts of the country,” he told a press conference in New Delhi, describing the threat as “imminent”.

The military spokesman also tweeted images of what he said was the Indian payload, showing what appeared to be pieces of metal and displaced soil in a heavily forested area.

A strike in Pakistani territory outside of Kashmir would be a major escalation between the rivals, analysts said.

Beijing called on the nuclear-armed neighbours to “exercise restraint”.

“We hope that both India and Pakistan can… adopt actions that will help stabilise the situation in the region and improve mutual relations, not the other way around,” China’s foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said.

— Escalation fears —

It was India’s first use of air strikes against Pakistan since 1971, when the two went to war.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Pakistan counterpart Imran Khan both summoned emergency meetings of top ministers in the hours after the attack.

New Delhi had threatened to retaliate after the February 14 bombing, the deadliest in three decades in Kashmir. Modi, who is expected to call an election in April, had threatened a “jaw-breaking” response.

But at a rally in Rajasthan on Tuesday, the Indian leader did not mention the strike directly. He paid tribute to the military and said: “I assure the nation that the country is in safe hands.”

Other top Indian officials said the strike displayed the country’s determination to act against Pakistan — which New Delhi accuses of using militants as proxies against it.

Pakistan’s government has denied any role in the Kashmir suicide attack. Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi on Tuesday accused India of committing a ceasefire violation with its airstrike and said “we reserve the right to respond adequately.”

Pakistani military analyst Hasan Askari called Tuesday’s events a “dangerous move”.

“If such actions continue, it can escalate into major conflict, which will not serve any purpose but to plunge the region into serious crisis,” he said.

It is the biggest crisis between the neighbours, who split in anger after independence in 1947, since 2016, when Pakistan-based militants attacked an Indian army camp in Kashmir that killed 19 soldiers.

In response, India launched what it called “surgical strikes” on Pakistani territory. Pakistan denied the strikes ever took place.

Kashmir has been claimed by both India and Pakistan since independence in 1947. They have fought two of their three wars over the Himalayan territory.

Pakistan’s interior ministry announced last week that authorities had seized control of a complex in Punjab believed to be the JeM headquarters.